While the Covid-19 pandemic keeps everything besides grocery stores and pharmacies shuttered in a growing number of cities around the world, Amazon.com Inc. has offered a relative sense of normalcy to shoppers who could still get most things delivered within two days. That's changing.

尽管杂货店和药房在世界上越来越多的城市因为“新冠病毒”而关闭，但亚马逊对购物者表现了相对正常的感觉，他们仍然可以在两天内收到大部分商品。但是这种情况正在改变。

On March 17, Amazon told its sellers that until at least April 5, high-demand products such as medical supplies and household staples will take priority, and that it's halting inbound shipments of all nonessential products to keep up with the need for those basics.

3月17日，亚马逊告诉卖家，至少在4月5日之前，为满足这些必需品的需求，医疗用品和家庭必需品等高需求产品将被优先考虑，并将停止所有非必需品的进口发货。

Toys and flatscreen TVs are on hold while Amazon ramps up shipments of toilet paper, bleach, and sanitizing wipes "so we can more quickly receive, restock, and ship these products to customers," the company said in a blog post updated on March 17. The new rules don't apply to products already in or on their way to Amazon warehouses, the company said in an emailed statement.

亚马逊在3月17日更新的一篇博客文章中说，玩具和平板电视暂停发货，同时增加了卫生纸、漂白剂和消毒湿巾的出货量，“以便我们可以更快地接收，补充库存并运送这些产品给客户。” 亚马逊在一份电子邮件声明中说，新规定不适用于已经进入或正在运往亚马逊仓库的产品。

These changes may offer some relief to Amazon's warehouse employees, who are struggling with a next-level version of the company's notoriously brutal shift work. At least five of its warehouse workers in Spain and Italy have contracted Covid-19, according to union officials and people familiar with the matter, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals.

这些变化可能会给亚马逊的仓库员工带来一些安慰，他们正在努力应对公司臭名昭著的下班班次而苦苦挣扎。据工会官员和知情人士透露，该公司在西班牙和意大利的仓库工人中，至少有五人感染了“新冠病毒”。由于担心遭到报复，他们不愿透露姓名。

The countries' respective unions have complained that Amazon is putting sales ahead of safety by refusing to close the facilities for cleaning. In response, on March 16 workers at its main Italian logistics hub in Castel San Giovanni called for a strike.

这两个国家各自的工会抱怨说，亚马逊拒绝关闭清洁设施，把销售置于安全之上。作为回应，3月16日，在其位于圣乔瓦尼的意大利主要物流中心，工人们要求举行罢工。

"We are giving our support to the employees that are currently in quarantine," Amazon said in a statement. "The security and safety of our employees is our main concern and we are following the directives of the local and international health authorities, and we have applied a series of preventive health measures in our centers across the world."

亚马逊在一份声明中表示:“我们将对目前被隔离的员工给予支持。”“员工的安全和保障是我们主要关心的问题，我们遵循当地和国际卫生当局的指示，我们已经在世界各地的中心实施了一系列预防卫生措施。”

On the other side of the Atlantic, the company and its workers have felt the strain, too. On March 16, Amazon said it planned to hire 100,000 people and raise pay in the U.S. and Canada by $2 an hour through April to ensure it can make its deliveries. So far, the company hasn't confirmed any cases among blue-collar workers in its home country, but it's tough to imagine that its hundreds of thousands of workers are all virus-free.

在大西洋的另一边，该公司及其员工也感受到了压力。3月16日，亚马逊表示计划雇佣10万名员工，并在4月前将美国和加拿大的工资提高2美元/小时，以确保送货。到目前为止，该公司还没有在其国内的蓝领工人中证实任何病例，但很难想象数十万工人都未感染无病毒。

Amazon has to consider closing facilities and slowing the pace of deliveries to protect workers and make sure customers can trust its deliveries, says Alex Colvin, dean of Cornell's labor relations school. "If a worker in an Amazon facility delivering groceries to people gets sick with Covid-19, that could really shake public confidence," he says.

康奈尔大学劳动关系学院(Cornell’s labor relations school)院长亚历克斯·科尔文(Alex Colvin)表示，亚马逊必须考虑关闭工厂，放慢发货速度，以保护员工，并确保客户能够信任交货。他说:“如果一名在亚马逊(Amazon)的设施中向人们运送食品杂货的工作人员感染了“新冠病毒”，那可能真的会动摇公众的信心。”

Amazon has offered two weeks of sick pay to workers diagnosed with the disease or placed in quarantine and says warehouse employees can also take unpaid time off through the end of March without risk of termination.

亚马逊已经为诊断出患有这种疾病或被隔离的工人提供了两周的病假工资，并表示仓库员工也可以在三月底之前休无薪假，而不会被解雇。

Amazon, which reported $11.9 billion in profits in 2019, says it has set up a $25 million fund for contractors and part-time workers who can apply for as much as two weeks' pay if diagnosed with Covid-19 or quarantined.

亚马逊（Amazon）在2019年的利润为119亿美元。该公司表示，已为承包商和兼职员工设立了2500万美元的基金，如果他们被诊断出患有“新冠肺炎”或被隔离，他们可以申请多达两周的薪水。

In the U.S. alone, Amazon has hundreds of warehouses, sorting centers, and other logistics facilities. It's capable of rerouting orders to other locations to accommodate the temporary closure of a building or two. It does something similar when a warehouse becomes overwhelmed with orders during the peak holiday shopping season, diverting them from the overburdened facility to others nearby until the backlog clears.

仅在美国，亚马逊就有数百个仓库，分拣中心和其他物流设施。它可以将订单重新转到其他地点，以适应一两个地点的临时关闭。如果在假日购物旺季，仓库中的订单不堪重负，也会做类似的事情，将其从负担过重的设施转移到附近的其他仓库，直到积压的订单被清除。

Amazon has also rerouted operations during floods, tornadoes, and other natural disasters. That'd be tougher in Europe, where there are fewer depots, or in the U.S. if a string of nearby facilities also went offline, according to logistics consultants and former Amazon employees familiar with its network.

亚马逊还在洪水，龙卷风和其他自然灾害期间重新安排了运营。据物流顾问和熟悉亚马逊网络的前亚马逊员工说，如果附近的一系列设施也瘫痪了，欧洲的情况会更糟，因为那里的仓库更少，美国的情况也会更糟。

The company wasn't at its most prepared to replace sick workers. The beginning of the year, just after the holiday shopping season, is when it cuts ties with tens of thousands of temporary staff. "You don't design operations for this kind of thing," says Marc Wulfraat, a logistics consultant who tracks Amazon's network. "The only way to handle that unplanned spike is more manpower." Job listings in Amazon's logistics and operations unit have more than tripled this month, to more than 4,000.

该公司还没有准备好替换患病的工人。今年年初，就在假日购物季之后，该公司将裁减数万名临时员工。追踪亚马逊网络的物流顾问马克·沃尔夫拉特（Marc Wulfraat）说：“你不会为这种事情设计运营。”本月，亚马逊物流和运营部门的招聘信息增加了两倍以上，达到4000多份。

Amazon has told delivery companies to be ready to shoulder an extended uptick in demand, and it's offering overtime and bonus pay in cities across the U.S. for grocery shippers. An Amazon delivery company in Texas recently told its drivers they should expect to work extra shifts over the next six weeks.

亚马逊已通知快递公司，准备好承受需求的长期增长，并在美国各地为杂货托运人提供加班费和奖金。得克萨斯州的一家亚马逊送货公司最近告诉其司机，他们期望在未来六周内进行更多轮班。

Even as the company tries to hire more people, members of its existing workforce are having second thoughts about reporting for duty. One warehouse worker in the Midwest says she's taking advantage of Amazon's offer of unpaid time off to care for her kids, whose schools have closed.

尽管该公司试图招聘更多员工，但其现有员工队伍中的人都在考虑上班。中西部的一位仓库工人说，她利用亚马逊提供的无薪休假来照顾孩子，孩子们的学校已经关闭。

Some of her co-workers, she says, were scared away by reports of coronavirus cases in the county where the warehouse is located. Amazon posted signs reminding employees to wash their hands and set up extra hand sanitizer stations, but it hadn't been screening employees. "We are going to great lengths to keep the buildings extremely clean and help employees practice important precautions," the company said in a statement.

她说，她的一些同事被仓库所在县的冠状病毒病例报告吓跑了。亚马逊贴出了提醒员工洗手的告示，并设立了额外的洗手站，但并未对员工进行筛查。该公司在一份声明中说：“我们将竭尽全力保持大楼极其清洁，并帮助员工采取重要的预防措施。”

Union reps in Europe say that Amazon isn't taking the pandemic seriously enough and that it shouldn't be so eager to squeeze more people into its warehouses. Julien Vincent, a representative with the CFDT union who works at an Amazon warehouse in Montelimar, in the south of France, says his union asked the company to cut the number of workers at its facilities, but that hasn't happened. "For now they haven't done anything," Vincent says. "Things are continuing like things were normal."

欧洲的工会代表说，亚马逊对流感大流行的重视程度不高，不应急于将更多的人挤入仓库。CFDT工会的代表朱利安·文森特（Julien Vincent）在法国南部蒙特利玛的亚马逊仓库工作，他所在的工会要求该公司削减工厂员工数量，但没有实现。“现在他们什么都没做，”文森特说。“事情像正常的一样继续进行。”

The bonus and overtime pay wasn't enough for one occasional Whole Foods worker in the Denver area, who canceled a shift on Sunday out of concern the company wasn't doing enough to protect workers jostling for produce in aisles crowded with shoppers. "They claim to care about their workers, yet clearly not enough to rein in two-hour-delivery expectations," says the worker, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals.

对于丹佛地区的全食超市(Whole Foods)一名员工来说，奖金和加班费还不够，他取消了周日的轮班，因为他担心公司没有采取足够的措施来保护工人挤在拥挤的购物者过道中。这名员工表示，他们声称关心自己的员工，但显然不足以控制两小时交货的预期。由于担心遭到报复，他要求匿名。

Whole Foods was criticized after Chief Executive Officer John Mackey suggested that workers with spare sick leave donate it to those in need. The company says it has stepped up in-store sanitation protocols and relaxed rules around calling in sick.

Whole Foods公司首席执行官约翰·麦基(John Mackey)建议休病假的员工将剩余的病假捐给有需要的人，这一建议遭到了批评。该公司表示，它已经加强了店内的卫生协议，并放松了打电话请病假的规定。

Many of Amazon's delivery drivers are contractors. The company issued advisories to Amazon Flex drivers, who make deliveries in their own vehicles, asking them to stay home if they've had a fever and to avoid personal contact. But that's almost impossible for a person who ferries groceries or has office buildings on their package route. For those drivers, who don't get Amazon health benefits, the extra overtime still might not mean they can afford to get sick.

亚马逊的许多送货司机都是承包商。该公司向使用自己的车辆送货的亚马逊Flex司机发布了警告，要求他们如果发烧就呆在家里，并避免与人接触。但是，对于一个运送杂货或在包裹运送路线上有办公大楼的人来说，这几乎是不可能的。对于那些没有享受亚马逊健康福利的司机来说，额外的加班可能并不意味着他们可以负担得起生病的费用。